Managing performance metrics describing a relationship between a provider and a client

ABSTRACT

Managing performance metrics includes accessing a metric catalog comprising a number of metrics, where each metric is associated with a threshold value. A selection of a subset of metrics of the number of metrics is received, and a service is defined using the subset of metrics. Metric values describing performance of the service are determined, where each metric value corresponds to a threshold value associated with a metric of the subset of metrics. The metric values and the corresponding threshold values are compared, and the performance of the service is evaluated in accordance with the comparison.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/324,647, entitled “PROCESSING PERFORMANCE DATA DESCRIBING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PROVIDER AND A CLIENT,” Attorney's Docket 93-01-006, filed Sep. 24, 2001.

[0002] This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/008,098, entitled “PROCESSING PERFORMANCE DATA DESCRIBING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PROVIDER AND A CLIENT,” Attorney's Docket 93-01-006, filed Nov. 13, 2001; U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “EVALUATING PERFORMANCE DATA DESCRIBING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PROVIDER AND A CLIENT,” Attorney's Docket 93-01-012, filed concurrently with this application; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “MONITORING SUBMISSION OF PERFORMANCE DATA DESCRIBING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PROVIDER AND A CLIENT,” Attorney's Docket 93-01-013, filed ______.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] This invention relates generally to the field of performance evaluation and more specifically to managing performance metrics describing a relationship between a provider and a client.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Both a provider of a service and the client that receives the service may want to have an evaluation of the performance of the service. Evaluation of a service, however, may be inconsistent across multiple clients or even within the provider. Consequently, existing techniques for effectively evaluating performance of a service may be unsatisfactory for many needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In accordance with the present invention, a method, a system, and logic for managing performance metrics are provided that substantially eliminate or reduce the disadvantages and problems associated with previously developed techniques.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present invention, managing performance metrics includes accessing a metric catalog comprising a number of metrics, where each metric is associated with a threshold value. A selection of a subset of metrics of the number of metrics is received, and a service is defined using the subset of metrics. Metric values describing performance of the service are determined, where each metric value corresponds to a threshold value associated with a metric of the subset of metrics. The metric values and the corresponding threshold values are compared, and the performance of the service is evaluated in accordance with the comparison.

[0007] Certain embodiments of the invention may provide the following technical advantage. A technical advantage of one embodiment may be that a service is defined using a set of metrics that is agreed to by the client. Each metric is associated with an aggregation method and a threshold value, which define how to combine and evaluate performance data. Accordingly, the service may be consistently evaluated in the specific manner allowed by the client.

[0008] Other technical advantages are readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] For a more complete understanding of the present invention and for further features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0010]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a system for processing performance data;

[0011]FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a method for processing performance data;

[0012]FIGS. 3A and 3B are flowcharts illustrating one example of a process for gathering client data or provider data;

[0013]FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a method for evaluating client data or provider data;

[0014]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of one example of a quantitative data module;

[0015]FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a process for extracting data;

[0016]FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a process for transforming data;

[0017]FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a process for loading data;

[0018]FIGS. 9, 10, and 11 illustrate examples of displays for reporting performance data;

[0019]FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a screen for adding a metric to a metric catalog; and

[0020]FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a screen for defining an aggregation method for a metric.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a system 10 for processing performance data. System 10 receives performance data describing a relationship between a provider and a client. The relationship may involve, for example, a service or product that the provider provides to the client. In the illustrated example, a service provider provides a service to the client.

[0022] Performance data may include qualitative data such as client data gathered from the client that describes the client's perspective of the service and provider data gathered from the provider that describes the provider's perspective of the service. Qualitative data may include performance perception data. The performance data may include quantitative data comprising measurements of the service taken with respect to a number of metrics. Quantitative data may include actual performance data. The performance data may comprise information from any combination of some or all of these types of data: client data, provider data, and quantitative data. System 10 evaluates and reports the performance data to the provider and/or the client. A method for processing performance data using system 10 is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2.

[0023] Referring to FIG. 1, system 10 includes a provider data module 12, a client data module 14, a quantitative data module 16, and a data reporter 18. System 10 receives data from a provider computer system 20, a client computer system 24, and a quantitative data database 30.

[0024] Provider computer system 20 may gather and send performance data generated by a provider, and may also be used to report evaluated performance data. A client computer system 24 may gather and send performance data generated by a client, and may also be used to report evaluated performance data. Application security, operating system security, digital certificates, or other suitable security measures may be used to restrict user access to the performance data. For example, a provider may not want a client to access specific comments describing the client.

[0025] Quantitative data database 30 stores quantitative data, which may include measurements of the service. Database manager 32 manages the data of quantitative data database 30. A provider database 22 may be used to store performance data. A client database 26 may be used to store performance data. Databases 22, 26, and 30 may be combined or other databases or database configurations may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0026] Provider computer system 20 and client computer system 24 may include appropriate input devices, output devices, mass storage media, processors, memory, or other components for receiving, processing, storing, and/or communicating information. As used in this document, the term “computer” is intended to encompass a personal computer, workstation, network computer, wireless data port, wireless telephone, personal digital assistant, one or more processors within these or other devices, or any other suitable processing device.

[0027] Provider data module 12 receives performance data from provider computer system 20, and processes and evaluates the data. Client data module 14 receives client performance data from client computer system 24, and processes and evaluates the data. Provider data module 12 and client data module 14 may receive performance data using any suitable data path. An example of processing and evaluating data that may be used by provider computer system 20 and/or client computer system 24 is described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0028] Quantitative data module 16 receives quantitative data from quantitative data database 30. Quantitative data module 16 processes and evaluates quantitative data. Quantitative data module 16 is described in more detail with respect to FIG. 5. The functions of each module 12, 14, 16, and 18 could be combined into a lesser number of modules or more modules could be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Where multiple clients and/or providers are involved, multiple copies of each module could be used or a single copy could be used.

[0029] Data reporter 18 such as a reporting engine receives evaluated provider data from provider data module 12, evaluated client data from client data module 14, and evaluated quantitative data from quantitative data module 16. Data reporter 18 organizes the data to be reported to the provider and/or the client. The evaluated performance data may be reported using provider computer system 20 and/or client computer system 24.

[0030] Existing techniques for providing information about a relationship may include software that displays information about the relationship. This type of software includes the STRATEGIC ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT software by SAP AG, CORMANAGE and CORBUSINESS software by CORVU CORPORATION, COGNOS BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE PLATFORM by COGNOS INCORPORATED, and the CUSTOMER RESPONSIVENESS MONITOR by INFORAY, INC. This type of software, however, typically displays only quantitative measures of the relationship, not qualitative feedback from the client or the provider.

[0031] Other existing techniques for providing information about a relationship may include processes for gathering feedback from the client. These techniques include conducting personal or electronic interviews or surveys of the client to gather client feedback, and reporting the client feedback to the provider. Companies such as TENACITY, INC. provide such client retention services. Software such as INQUISITE by CATAPULT SYSTEMS, CORP. and SATMETRIX by SATMETRIX SYSTEMS may be used to electronically survey clients to gather the client feedback. These techniques, however, generally do not provide quantitative information about the relationship or performance of the provider.

[0032]FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a method for processing performance data. According to the method, performance data describing a relationship between a provider and a client is gathered. Performance data may comprise data from one or more sources, for example, client data, provider data, or quantitative data. The gathered performance data may be evaluated and reported. The performance data may be reported to the provider at a provider site and/or the client at a client site. A provider site may comprise a computer that a provider may use to access system 10, and client site may comprise a computer that a client may use to access system 10.

[0033] Referring to FIG. 2, steps 40 through 48 describe processing quantitative data. Steps 52 and 54 describe processing client data, and steps 56 and 58 describe processing provider data.

[0034] The method begins at step 40, where metrics are defined. A metric may measure features of a service to provide quantitative data. A metric may describe, for example, deliverables delivered on time or orders and payments processed. For example, a metric may be used to determine that 95% of deliverables are delivered on time or that 95% of orders received are processed. Certain metrics may be standardized across a number of different industries. Other metrics may be specific to an industry or specific to a particular client or group of clients.

[0035] A set of metrics may be used to define a service or product for a specific client. For example, a service may be defined in part using a metric that describes on-time deliverables and a metric that describes computer uptime. The metric for on-time deliverables may have a threshold value of 95%, and the metric for computer uptime may have a threshold value of 99%. A service that fails to meet the threshold values may be deemed as unsatisfactory. Different clients may have different threshold values for the same metric. A service may be marketed using the metrics that define the service.

[0036] A metric may have a minimum threshold value and a target threshold value. A provider may try to provide a service that meets the target threshold value. If the service does not meet the target threshold value, system 10 may provide a warning to the provider. If the service fails to meet the minimum threshold value, the service may be deemed unsatisfactory.

[0037] Quantitative data is gathered at step 42 according to the metrics. Quantitative data includes measurements of the service taken according to the metrics. For example, the number of deliverables delivered on time may be measured. Quantitative data may be gathered in any suitable manner such as, for example, retrieving data from quantitative data database 30, receiving input from clients or providers, or receiving data from other databases or systems. The quantitative data is stored at step 43.

[0038] The quantitative data is transformed by quantitative data module 16 at step 44. This step may be omitted for data that does not get transformed. Transforming the quantitative data may involve, for example, validating and mapping the quantitative data. Validating the quantitative data may involve checking whether the data is received from an authorized source, whether the data is complete, and whether the data includes valid values. Mapping may include checking to see whether the data values are mapped to appropriate fields.

[0039] The quantitative data is aggregated at step 46. This step may be omitted for data that does not get aggregated. Data aggregation may involve summarizing values associated with multiple parts of an entity in order to obtain a value describing the entity as a whole. For example, data values describing sales at a number of locations of a client may be summarized to obtain a data value describing the sales for the client as a whole.

[0040] At step 48, performance ratings are determined from the quantitative data using a performance routine. This step may be omitted for data that is not associated with a performance rating. A metric may have one or more corresponding threshold values associated with it. Quantitative data gathered at step 42 may be compared (either in raw form, transformed form, or aggregated form) with the threshold values in order to determine a performance rating. After determining the performance ratings, the quantitative data including the performance ratings may be stored at step 50.

[0041] Client data is gathered from the client at step 52. The client data describes the service from the client's perspective. Client data may be gathered in any suitable manner. For example, the client may be interviewed in person. Alternatively or additionally, the client may complete a survey presented in any suitable manner. For example, the survey may be presented using a website with a query web page displaying a number of performance queries. The survey may also be presented in an electronic mail message or on paper. A process for gathering client data or provider data is described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. The client data is stored at step 53. Client data module 14 determines performance ratings from the client data at step 26. A method for determining performance ratings is described with respect to FIG. 4. The method then proceeds to step 50 to store the client data including the performance ratings. As was the case above, this step may be omitted if no performance rating is associated with particular data.

[0042] Provider data is gathered from the provider at step 56. Provider data describes the service from the provider's perspective. The provider data may be gathered in any suitable manner, for example, using the techniques described with respect to step 52. Alternatively, a provider may directly enter provider data. The provider data is stored at step 57. Provider data module 12 determines performance ratings from the provider data at step 58. A method for determining performance ratings is described with respect to FIG. 4. The method proceeds to step 50 to store the provider data, including the performance ratings. As was the case above, this step may be omitted if no performance rating is associated with particular data.

[0043] The performance data is organized at step 60. For example, certain data may be selected to be reported to the provider, and other data may be selected to be reported to the client. The performance data is reported to the provider at the provider site at step 62. Examples of displayed data are described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. The reported performance data may include client data, provider data, and quantitative data. Performance data is reported to the client at the client site at step 64. The reported performance data may also include client data, provider data, and quantitative data. The performance data reported at the client site may be different from or similar to the performance data reported at the provider site.

[0044] In each case the reported data may be all or a subset of the stored data. Access to some or all of the stored data may be restricted with respect to the client, the provider, or certain personnel thereof.

[0045] At step 65, if the ratings are satisfactory, the method terminates. If the ratings are not satisfactory, the method proceeds to step 66. At step 66, the provider and the client may respond to the reported performance data. For example, if the performance data indicates a problem with the service, the provider may initiate a critical response procedure, which may involve obtaining feedback from the client. The method then returns to steps 40, 52, and 56.

[0046]FIG. 3A is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for gathering data from a client using a survey generator of client data module 14. The process may also be used to gather data from a provider using provider data module 12. The process begins at step 420, where a survey profile is generated, and profile information from the survey profile is stored in a survey profile database. The survey profile may be generated by a user conducting the survey, for example, representative of the provider. Profile information may include the types of questions, or performance queries, selected for the survey and the language in which the questions are to be presented.

[0047] The illustrated example process may initiate other processes. For example, if the questions are not to be presented using a website at step 421, a process for conducting non-website surveys may be initiated at step 423. An example of such a process is described with reference to FIG. 3B. Other processes, however, may be initiated or the process for gathering data may be terminated without departing from the scope of the invention. If the questions are to be presented using a website, the process proceeds to step 422. Alternatively or additionally, for example, if the questions are not to be presented in English at step 422, a process for conducting non-English surveys may be initiated at step 423. Other processes, however, may be initiated or the process for gathering data may be terminated without departing from the scope of the invention. If the questions are to be presented in English at step 422, the process proceeds to step 424.

[0048] Client data module 14 notifies a client contact of the survey at step 424. The client contact may comprise a representative of the client who is designated as a contact person for the provider. The client contact may be notified by an electronic mail message that includes a link back to client data module 14. At step 426, the client contact designates the participants to be surveyed and provides approval to survey the participants. The client contact may submit information about the participants and the approval using the link to client data module 14. Participant information such as the participants' names and electronic mail addresses is written into a survey profile database.

[0049] A survey link that allows participants to access the survey is sent to the participants at step 428. The survey link may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI) address pointing to the survey. Client data module 14 reads the participants' electronic mail addresses from the survey profile database and sends the participants an electronic mail message that includes the survey link. The survey process is initiated at step 430. The survey process may use electronic survey software such as INQUISITE by CATAPULT SYSTEMS, CORP.

[0050] The survey responses, or query responses, are written into a survey results database. The survey results database is monitored for new survey results at step 432. If there are no new survey results at step 434, client data module 14 returns to step 432 to continue to monitor the survey results. If there are new survey results at step 434, the process proceeds to step 436, where client data module 14 determines whether the survey results are from the first respondent of the survey. If the survey results are from the first respondent, the process proceeds to step 438 to change a link on a display describing the last survey taken by the client. Examples of displays that include such links are described with respect to FIGS. 9 and 10. The link points to the new survey information, and may allow a user of system 10 to access the information. The link is activated at step 440 and the process proceeds to step 442. If the results are not from a first respondent at step 436, the process proceeds directly to step 442.

[0051] In the illustrated example, the survey results are processed at step 442. The survey results are extracted, transformed, and loaded into a rated survey database of data reporter 18. Extracting, transforming, and loading data are described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 5 through 8. Other methods of processing the survey results, however, may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Old survey results are moved from the rated survey database of data reporter 18 and to a historical survey database at step 444. After moving the old survey results, the process terminates.

[0052]FIG. 3B is a flowchart illustrating one example of a process for conducting surveys such as non-website or non-English surveys using client data module 14. The method may also be used with provider data module 12. The illustrated example process for conducting surveys may be used with the process for gathering data described with reference to FIG. 3A. The process for gathering data, however, may use other suitable processes for conducting surveys without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0053] The process begins at step 460, where client data module 14 receives a survey request. The survey request may be sent to client data module 14 from a provider representative responsible for a client. In response, client data module 14 may display a survey status as “request pending” and a participant status as “pending activation.”

[0054] The survey is activated at step 462. The provider representative may review and approve a list of survey participants prior to activating a survey. The provider representative may send a request to client data module 14 to activate the survey. In response, the client data module 14 may update the survey status to “active” and the participant status to “awaiting response”. At step 464, the surveys are distributed. Client data module 14 may provide the surveys in any of a number of languages. Any suitable method for distributing the surveys in a selected language may be used, for example, electronic versions of the surveys may be provided to the participants via electronic mail or via a website. Alternatively or additionally, paper copies of the survey may be printed and sent to the participants.

[0055] The responses are received and recorded at step 466. The responses may be received in any suitable manner, for example, the responses may be received by paper or by electronic mail message. The responses may be recorded in client data module 14 in any suitable manner. For example, the responses may be recorded by hand or may be scanned using a scanning device.

[0056] The illustrated example may provide for translating surveys. This feature, however, may be omitted without departing from the scope of the invention. In the illustrated example, if a translation is needed at step 468, the process proceeds to step 470 to translate the responses. The surveys may be translated from one language to another language such as English or other suitable language. The responses may be translated by any suitable manner, for example, by using a human translator or by using translating software. If the surveys do not need to be translated at step 468, the process proceeds directly to step 472, where the responses are reported. The responses may be reported to the client and the provider. After reporting the responses, the process terminates.

[0057]FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating one example of a method for evaluating client data, provider data, or quantitative data. According to the method, questions regarding the performance of the provider are presented to a client or a provider. Responses to the questions are evaluated and assigned ratings, which are reported to the provider and/or the client. In the illustrated example, client data is evaluated.

[0058] The method begins at step 80, where questions regarding the performance of the provider are presented. The questions may include, for example, the following to which a response of poor, fair, average, good, excellent, or not applicable is requested:

[0059] 1. Overall, you would rate the provider's performance as:

[0060] 2. The reference you would provide about the provider today is:

[0061] 3. The likelihood that you would renew your business with the provider is:

[0062] 4. Overall, you would rate the value the provider provides to your business as:

[0063] Other questions of a similar type may be included or other questions of a different type may be included without departing from the scope of the invention. Also, these questions are only examples and some or all of them could be omitted.

[0064] The questions may be presented in any suitable format. For example, the questions may be presented using a paper survey or an electronic survey included in an electronic mail message or on a website. Alternatively, the client may be interviewed in person to obtain responses. The responses to the questions are received by client data module 14 at step 82. The responses may be automatically received from an electronic survey or may be input using provider computer system 20 or client computer system 24.

[0065] A list of questions to be evaluated and reported is generated at step 83. All or a subset of the questions may be evaluated and reported. For example, Questions 1 and 2 may be selected. A next question from the list is selected at step 84.

[0066] Steps 86 through 102 describe an example technique for evaluating responses to a question to determine a rating for an attribute of the service described by the question. Other techniques for evaluating responses, however, may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. At step 85, client data module 14 determines whether the responses are “not applicable.” If the responses are “not applicable”, the responses are given a “not applicable” rating, and the method proceeds to step 104. Otherwise the method proceeds to step 87. At step 87, the ratio of the number of excellent responses to the question divided by the total number of responses to the question is calculated. If the ratio is greater than or equal to a predetermined target percentage, for example, 51 percent, the method proceeds to step 88, where the responses to the question are rated as excellent. The method then proceeds to step 104, where client data module 14 determines whether there is a next question on the list. If the ratio is less than the target percentage, the method proceeds to step 90.

[0067] At step 90, if the ratio is the number of good plus excellent responses divided by the total number of responses is greater than or equal to the target percentage, the method proceeds to step 92, where the responses to the question are rated as good. The method then proceeds to step 104. If the ratio is less than the target percentage, the method proceeds to step 94. At step 94, if the ratio of the number of average plus good plus excellent responses divided by the total number of responses is greater than or equal to the target percentage, the method proceeds to step 96, where the responses to the question are rated as average. The method then proceeds to step 104. If the ratio is less than the target percentage, the method proceeds to step 98.

[0068] At step 98, if the number of fair plus average plus good plus excellent responses divided by the total number of responses is greater than or equal to the target percentage, the method proceeds to step 98, where the responses to the question are rated as fair. The method then proceeds to step 104. If the ratio is less than the target percentage, the method proceeds to step 102, where the responses to the question are rated as poor. The method then proceeds to step 104. While one example way to evaluate responses has been described, others could be used without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the total percentage or absolute number of a type of response could simply be computed.

[0069] Client data module 14 determines whether there is a next question of the list at step 104. If there is a next question, the method returns to step 84 to select the next question. If there is no next question, the method proceeds to step 106, where data reporter 18 reports the ratings of the responses of the questions. Data reporter may assign a status indicator to represent a specific rating. For example, an excellent rating may be represented by a blue diamond, a good rating may be represented by a green circle, an average rating may be represented by a yellow triangle with a plus sign, a fair rating may be represented by a yellow triangle with a minus sign, and a poor rating may be represented by a red square. After reporting the ratings, the method terminates.

[0070]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of one example of a quantitative data module 16. Quantitative data module 16 includes an extractor 180, a transformer 182, and a reporter database 184. Extractor 180 obtains data from a data source 186 such as quantitative data database 30. A source profile table 188 identifies data sources 186 that supply data to extractor 180. Source profile table 188 may describe contact information associated with data source 186, a method for retrieving data from data source 186, the location of data source 186, and identifiers and passwords that data source 186 needs to access actual data module 16 or vice versa. Data may be pulled from a data source 186 b that is structured to support data pulls and may be transmitted directly to transformer 182. Alternatively, data may be pushed from a data source 186 a that does not support data pulls into an inbox 187, which structures and transmits the data to transformer 182.

[0071] Transformer 182 validates, evaluates, and aggregates performance data received from extractor 180. As discussed above, not all of these operations are necessarily performed on all performance data. A validation module 192 checks the validity of the received data. Validating the performance data may involve checking whether the data for a metric is received from an authorized source, whether the data is complete, and whether the data includes valid values. Validation module 192 may return invalid data for correction and resubmission. Validation module 192 may access a metric catalog 199 in order to determine how to validate a metric.

[0072] Metric catalog 199 may include, for example, a definition of each metric, a collection procedure for collecting data for each metric, a validation procedure for the collected data, a formula or aggregation method for calculating a metric value from collected data, and threshold values that may be used to determine a rating from the calculated metric value. A client may be associated with specific client threshold values, which may reflect a level of service selected by the client. Default threshold values such as market values may be used in the absence of client threshold values. Market values may reflect a standard level of service in an industry. Metric catalog 199 may also include reporting periods for collecting data for a metric and a lifetime for collected data. Metric catalog 199 may also describe whether a metric may be viewed by a particular client.

[0073] TABLES 1 through 5 illustrate examples of information that may be included in metric catalog 199. Metric catalog 199 may include different or additional information without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0074] TABLE 1 describes a metric and any associated service. TABLE 1 Line(s) of Line of Business(s) to which the metric is associated. Business Service Service Offering(s) to which the metric is associated. Offering(s) Metric Name Name of the metric. Description Description of the metric measurement. Unit of Description of the unit of measure for the metric. Measure Client Indicates whether the metric is viewable by the client. Viewable

[0075] TABLE 2 includes information for evaluating and reporting metric data. TABLE 2 Default Target The threshold value that represents the target level Threshold of service. A rating of a metric that meets a target threshold value is displayed using a green indicator. Comparison Describes a comparison method, for example, <, <=, Method =, >, or >=. Default The threshold value that represents the minimum Minimum acceptable level of service. A rating of a metric Threshold that meets a minimum threshold value, but not a target threshold value, is displayed using a yellow indicator. Otherwise, the rating is displayed using a red indicator. Inclusion/ This criteria states approved adjustments to the Exclusion metric data across all clients to ensure a common Criteria result. Level of Name of the Level of Service. Service Name Level of Description of the Level of Service. Service Description Level of The threshold value that represents the target level Service Target of service for a specific level of service. A rating Threshold of a metric that meets a target threshold value is displayed using a green indicator. Level of A threshold value that represents the minimum Service acceptable level of service for a specific level of Minimum service. A rating of a metric that meets a minimum Threshold threshold value, but not a target threshold value, is displayed using a yellow indicator. Otherwise, the rating is displayed using a red indicator.

[0076] TABLE 3 includes information for collecting metric data. TABLE 3 Process Technical information that may be used for data Requirements collection, for example, tools, techniques, measurement points, or assumptions. Time The minimum frequency at which data is collected and Granularity retained at a collection point to support reporting (Frequency) links. Location The minimum granularity of locations at which data is Granularity collected and retained at a collection point to support reporting links. Client The minimum granularity of client definition at which Granularity data is collected and retained at a collection point to support reporting links. Point of The lowest level of granularity for the metric in the Delivery definition of delivery location.

[0077] TABLE 4 includes information for reporting metric data. TABLE 4 Time The frequency at which data is aggregated at a Granularity collection point to support reporting links. (Frequency) Location The granularity of location at which data is aggregated Granularity at a collection point to support reporting links. Client The granularity of client definition at which data is Granularity aggregated at a collection point to support reporting links.

[0078] Table 5 includes information for aggregating metric data. TABLE 5 Aggregation The calculation for deriving the metric values Calculation from the aggregated values defined below. Variable Name of the variable. Name Data Type Data type, for example, numeric or character. Aggregation The rule for combining data from multiple points Method of delivery. The rule defines how variables are accumulated prior to re-executing the calculation at each level of summarization. Validation Describes the validation method. Method Validation Values used to validate a variable. Values Description Description of the variable.

[0079] A staging database 190 receives and stores data from validation module 192. A mapping module 194 may map received data values to the appropriate fields. A calculator 198 calculates a metric value from the received data. Calculator 198 may retrieve a formula for calculating the metric value from a metric catalog 199 that includes information describing the defined metrics.

[0080] An evaluator 200 may be used to determine a rating from a metric value according to a threshold value. For example, evaluator 200 may determine that a rating is “good” if the metric value is greater than or equal to a threshold value, or that a rating is “bad” if the metric value is less than the threshold value. A metric may have multiple threshold values that define multiple ratings. Threshold values may include client's specific threshold values that are used to calculate ratings for a specific client. Market thresholds may be used to determine a rating if a client specified threshold is not available.

[0081] Aggregator 202 combines and summarizes data. Aggregator 202 may aggregate validated, mapped data received from mapping module 194 and send the aggregated data to calculator 198 and evaluator 200 for evaluation. Data may be aggregated at any level. For example, data collected for a metric at a regional level may be aggregated in order to determine a rating for the metric at the regional level. Aggregator 202 may aggregate data to be sent to an outbox 204 or to be stored in an archive 206. Outbox 204 may send data to another site, and archive 206 may maintain backup copies of files. Aggregated data may also be sent to reporter database 184 to be reported to a client and/or provider. Instructions for aggregating data may be stored in metric catalog 199.

[0082] Reporter database 184 may include a current database 208 managed by a current database manager 210 and a history database 212 managed by a history database manager 214. Current database manager 210 receives aggregated data from aggregator 202 and stores the received data in current database 208. Current database manager 210 may copy existing data to history database manager 214 and then overwrite the existing data with newly received data in order to optimize space in current database 208. Data reporter 18 may receive data from current database manager 210 and history database manager 214.

[0083] The modules of quantitative data module 16 may have an alternative configuration without departing from the scope of the invention. Other modules may be included, and some modules may be omitted. The functions of quantitative data module 16 may be performed in an alternative manner.

[0084]FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for extracting data that may be used by extractor 180. The process begins at step 350, where a comma separated values (CSV) file is created at an originating site associated with the client. The CSV file includes quantitative data collected according to metrics, and may be created according to published guidelines. The CSV file is sent to inbox 187 at step 352. Inbox 187 may comprise an inbox that receives electronic mail messages. At step 354, the CSV file is moved to a directory associated with the originating site. The CSV file may be moved automatically or by users monitoring inbox 187 for incoming CSV files. Input CSV files are processed at step 356.

[0085] The process may check the directories for CSV files at step 358. If there are no CSV files, the process terminates. If there are CSV files, the process proceeds to step 360. At step 360, the file is opened and a batch number is assigned to the file. The version of the input format of the file is determined at step 362. The version of the file is validated at step 364. If the version is not valid, the process proceeds to step 366 to reject the file. The rejected file is copied to an archive and sent to outbox 204 at step 367, which transmits the file to the originating site, and the process returns to step 358. A version that is merely outdated but not invalid may be updated to a current input format.

[0086] If the version is valid at step 364, the process proceeds to step 368. At step 368, an archive copy of the file is created as a backup copy, and saved in archive 206. At step 372, a batch copy of the file is created to be used in the validation process. The batch copy of the file is saved to archive 206, and the process returns to step 358.

[0087]FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for transforming data that may be used by transformer 182. The process begins at step 382, where transformer 182 retrieves a batch copy of a file from archive 206. The records of the batch copy of the file are validated by validation module 192 at step 384. According to one example, validation module 192 may perform the following validation procedure. An output indicator may be checked to determine whether the data is to be aggregated, rated and returned to the originating site, or aggregated, rated, and reported to data reporter 18. If the output indicator has an invalid value, the record may be rejected. A site code may be checked to determine that the originating site is a valid site, and a site-metric authorization may be checked to determine if the site is authorized to send data for the metric.

[0088] A client field and client identifier may be checked to determine whether the client is valid. A location field may be checked to determine whether the geographical area associated with the record is valid. Reporting period information such as starting and ending dates may be checked to see if the reporting period is valid. Metric information may be checked to ensure that the metric is valid. A metric element aggregation method field may be read to determine a procedure for aggregating data associated with the metric.

[0089] Records that are valid are saved in a temporary table of staging database 190 at step 386. Records that are not valid are sent to outbox 204 for transmittal to the originating site at step 388. The invalid records may include a message identifying the problem with the record, so that the originating site may correct the record.

[0090] At step 390, the data is aggregated, calculated, and rated. The data is aggregated according to the metric element aggregation method associated with the record. A metric value is calculated from the aggregated data. The metric value is compared to a threshold value associated with the metric in order to determine a rating. At step 392, transformer 182 determines whether the rated data is to be reported to the originating site. If the data is to be reported, the process proceeds to step 393, where the rated data is sent to outbox 204 for transfer to the originating site, and the process proceeds to step 394.

[0091] If the file is not to be reported, the process proceeds directly to step 394. At step 394, transformer 182 determines whether the data is to be reported to data reporter 18. If the data is not to be reported, the process returns to step 382. If the data is to be reported, the process proceeds to step 396, where the data is sent to data reporter 18. The rated data is saved in rated table of staging database 190 at step 398, and a list of the processed records is saved in a control table of staging database 190 at step 399. After saving the list of records, the process terminates.

[0092]FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for loading data that may be used by reporter database 184. The process begins at step 402, where history records are moved from a temporary table of staging database 190 to history database 212. History records may include validated records, and may be restricted to include validated records but not invalid records. Data is moved from staging database 190 to a data reporter database at step 404. Rated data may be moved from a rated table of staging database 190 to a rated table of data reporter database. A list of processed records may be moved from a batch table of staged database 190 to a batch table of data reporter database.

[0093] At step 406, a data reporter database is updated. A list of processed records is retrieved from the batch table, and rated data is retrieved from the rated table. Data associated with a line of business may be stored in a metric table of the data reporter database prior to display. Data associated with a region and identified by a URI address may be stored in a table of the data reporter database prior to display. At step 407, the data is reported. Data may be reported to a user using a display. Examples of displays are described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

[0094] According to one example, when a user requests data by, for example, activating a link, an active server page (ASP) is executed. The ASP calls on software components such as Microsoft Component Object Model components, which in turn call on stored procedures in the data reporter database. The stored procedures retrieve the requested data. The ASP formats the data into, for example, hypertext markup language (HTML) for display. After reporting the data, the process terminates.

[0095]FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a display 230 for reporting performance data. Display 230 may report any combination of client data, provider data, and/or quantitative data for a number of clients. A view button 232 may be used to customize the view to selected clients, and a search button 234 may be used to search for specific clients.

[0096] Clients may be searched by filtering for attributes of the clients. Attributes may include, for example, status, line of business, region, industry, and tier attributes. The filters may be set to search for zero or more values for the attributes. The status attribute describes the status of a client, and may have status values such as active and inactive values.

[0097] The line of business attribute may describe the lines of business provided by the provider. The line of business values may include, for example, electronic solutions, information solutions, or business process management solutions. The region attribute may describe a geographic region, and may be defined as a sub-attribute of the lines of business to accommodate situations where different lines of business have different regions. For example, one line of business may divide the United States into three regions, such as the east, west, and midwest regions, but another line of business may divide the United States into five regions, such as the northeast, southeast, midwest, west, and southwest regions. A user may be given the option to select a line of business in all regions encompassed by the line of business or to select a specific region of the line of business.

[0098] The industry attribute may describe the industry to which a client belongs. Industry values may include, for example, manufacturing, financial, and government. The tier attribute may describe, for example, the size of a client. Tier values may include, for example, enterprise, strategic, key, and general values. A tier value such as a multiple client group value may be used to describe a number of smaller clients reported as one client. The filter settings may be stored as part of a user's profile, so that they persist from one user session to the next user session.

[0099] Clients are listed by client name 236. Selecting a specific client name 236 displays a detailed view of the client, which is described in more detail with respect to FIG. 10. Contact information 237 of a provider employee responsible for a client may be displayed along with the client name 236.

[0100] An overall status section 238 describes the overall performance of the provider from the perspectives of the client and of the provider. This information may be gathered using, for example, the responses to Question 1 of the survey described with reference to FIG. 4. A change column 240 describes a change in the overall status with respect to the previous assessment. A number of days column 242 indicates the number of days since the previous assessment. This section could be omitted or formatted differently without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0101] A provider ratings column 244 indicates a rating of the overall status calculated using provider data. A client ratings column 248 indicates a rating of the overall performance of the provider calculated using client data. The ratings and the corresponding status indicators may be determined in a manner substantially similar to the technique described with respect to FIG. 4. A blue diamond 218 may represent an excellent rating, a green circle 220 may represent a good rating, a yellow triangle with a plus sign 222 may represent an average rating, a yellow triangle with a minus sign 224 may represent a fair rating, and a red square 226 may represent a poor rating. Other symbols or rating types could of course be used without departing from the scope of the invention. These columns could also be omitted.

[0102] A reference status section 250 describes the referenceability of the provider. Referenceability may be determined using Question 2 of the survey described with reference to FIG. 4. A provider ratings column 252 indicates a rating of referenceability calculated using provider data, and a client ratings column 254 indicates a rating of referenceability calculated using client data. This section could be omitted or formatted differently without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0103] A service composite section 260 reports quantitative data describing services provided by the provider. A service may be associated with a set of metrics that may be used to collect quantitative data in order to evaluate the service. A composite bar 262 may be used to indicate the proportion of services that have specific ratings. A red portion 264 of composite bar 262 may represent the proportion of service offerings that have a poor rating, a yellow portion 266 may represent the proportion of service offerings that have an average rating, and a green portion 268 may represent the proportion of service offerings that have a good rating. For example, composite bar 262 a may indicate that one of fourteen services is red, six services are yellow, and seven services are green. Placing a cursor over composite bar 262 may display the total number of services, the number of services that are rated at a particular color, and the percentage of services that are rated at a particular color. This section could be omitted or formatted differently without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0104] A business measures section 261 reports quantitative data that a provider may use to monitor a client. Metrics that may be used include, for example, profitability metrics such as an accounts receivable metric. A composite bar may be used to indicate the proportion of metrics that have specific ratings.

[0105] An “as of” section 270 displays the dates of the latest client data or provider data input. Providers ratings columns 272 displays the date of the last provider data input, and a client ratings column 274 displays the date of the last client data input. This section could be omitted or formatted differently without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0106] The sections of display 230 may have a different arrangement. Other sections may be included, and some sections may be omitted or formatted differently. Information may be displayed using any suitable arrangement.

[0107]FIG. 10 illustrates one example of a display 302 reporting details of a specific client. Display 302 reports client data, provider data, and/or quantitative data for a client. Display 302 may include contact information 304 for a provider employee responsible for the client.

[0108] An overall indicator section 310 describes client data and provider data. Indicators may include an overall status indicator 312, a referenceability indicator 314, a renewability indicator 316, and a value indicator 318. Other indicators may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Data for these indicators may be gathered using any suitable procedure, for example, using Questions 1 through 4, respectively, of the survey described with respect to FIG. 4. A provider performance column 320 displays a rating for each indicator. A metric composite column 322 describes quantitative data, and is described in more detail below. A comments section 324 displays comments that may be entered by the provider. Links 326 allow a user to access, for example, client survey responses. A client surveys column 328 displays the proportion of surveys that have specific ratings. This section may be omitted or formatted differently without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0109] A business measures section 329 reports quantitative data that a provider may use to monitor a client. Metrics for this section may include, for example, profitability metrics such as an accounts receivable metric. A services section 330 reports quantitative data describing services provided to the client. A service may be associated with a set of metrics used to collect quantitative data in order to evaluate the service. A services column 332 lists the services. Services may be listed according to a service type 334. In the illustrated example, services of the information solution service type include application development and management services, centralized systems services, and network management services.

[0110] Provider performance column 320 displays ratings of the metrics. Metric composite column 322 displays composite bars, where each composite bar describes the proportion of a metric that has a specific rating. Other ratings and indicators may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Comments section 324 displays comments regarding the services that may be entered by the provider. This section may be omitted or formatted differently without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0111] The sections of display 302 may have a different arrangement. Other sections may be included, and some other sections may be omitted or formatted differently. Information may be displayed using any suitable arrangement.

[0112]FIG. 11 illustrates one example of a display 500 that may be used to report performance data to a client. Display 500 includes a client detail section 504. An overall indicator section 506 describes client data and provider data. Indicators may include an overall status indicator 508, a referenceability indicator 510, and a renewability indicator 512. Other indicators may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Data for these indicators may be gathered using any suitable procedure, for example, using questions 1 through 3, respectively, of the survey described with respect to FIG. 4. A provider rating column 514 displays a rating for each indicator generated from the provider data, and a client rating column 516 displays a rating for each indicator generated from the client data. A provider comments section 518 displays comments that may be entered by the provider.

[0113] A services section 520 reports qualitative and quantitative data describing the services provided to the client. A services column 522 lists the services. A provider rating column 524 displays ratings for the services generated from the provider data. A service composite column 526 displays ratings for the services generated from quantitative data. A provider comments section 528 displays comments entered by the provider.

[0114] A client history link 530 may be used to access ratings from previous rating periods. These ratings may be displayed in any suitable graphical form. An email link 533 may be used to display a window that a client may use to submit an email message to the provider. The email message may include information about the performance data reported to the client at the time email link 533 was activate. A provider contact name 535 may also be selected to send an email message to the provider contact. A client feedback link 534 may be used to access client interviews and/or client surveys. An authorized users link 536 may be used to display information about the client. A provider contacts link 538 may be used to display provider representatives whom the client may contact.

[0115] The sections of display 500 may have any suitable arrangement. Other sections may be included, and some sections may be omitted or formatted differently. Information may be displayed using any suitable arrangement.

[0116]FIG. 12 illustrates one example of a screen 600 that may be used to add a metric to metric catalog 199. Screen 600 includes a location indicator 610 that indicates the location of the added metric within metric catalog 199. In the illustrated example, a metric is being added to a financial process management/consumer network services reporting category subfolder of a business process management line of business folder of metric catalog 199.

[0117] Screen 600 may also include tabs 612 that can be selected in order to describe a metric. A definition tab 612 a is used to define a metric, and a value threshold tab 612 b is used to define threshold values for a metric. A collection specifications tab 612 c is used to define collection procedures, and a reporting specifications tab 612 d is used to define reporting procedures. An aggregation calculation tab 612 e is used to define the aggregation method for a metric. Screen 600 may include additional or other tabs 612 without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0118] A definition section 614 may be selected using definition tab 612 a. Definition section 614 may include a line of business indicator 616 and a report category indicator 618. Line of business indicator 616 identifies the line of business to which the added metric is associated, and report category indicator 618 identifies the reporting category to which the added metric is associated.

[0119] The name of a metric may be entered in a metric name window 620, and a description of the added metric may be entered in a business description window 624. The unit of measure for the data collected for the metric may be entered in a unit of measure window 626. A client viewable menu 627 may be used to designate whether the metric is client viewable. An okay button 628 may be used to submit data entered into windows 620, 624, and 626, and an undo button 630 may be used to delete data entered into windows 620, 624, and 626. Definition section 614 may be omitted or formatted differently without departing from the scope of the invention. The sections of screen 600 may have a different arrangement, and information may be displayed using any suitable manner.

[0120]FIG. 13 illustrates one example of a screen 640 that may be used to define aggregation information for a metric. An aggregation calculation section 642 may be displayed upon selection of aggregation calculation tab 612 e. Aggregation calculation section 642 includes a status window 644 that displays, for example, whether a metric has been added or published. A formula for calculating a metric value from aggregated data may be entered into an aggregation calculation window 646.

[0121] Variables used in the formula may be defined using a variables section 648. The name of a variable may be entered in a variable name window 650. The data type of the variable may be defined using a data type window 652, and an aggregation method may be selected using an aggregation method window 654. A validation method may be selected using window 656, and validation values may be entered in a validation values window 658.

[0122] A variable may be described using a description window 660. A delete button 662 may be used to delete a variable, and a publish button 664 may be used to publish the metric. An okay button 666 may be used to submit information entered into aggregation calculation section 642, and an undo button 668 may be used to undo the information. A delete button 670 may be used to delete the metric.

[0123] Aggregation calculation section 642 may be omitted or formatted differently without departing from the scope of the invention. The sections of screen 640 may have a different arrangement, and information may be displayed using any suitable manner.

[0124] Although an embodiment of the invention and its advantages are described in detail, a person skilled in the art could make various alterations, additions, and omissions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

[0125] To aid the Patent Office, and any readers of any patent issued on this application in interpreting the claims appended hereto, applicants wish to note that they do not intend any of the appended claims to invoke ¶ 6 of 35 U.S.C. §112 as it exists on the date of filing hereof unless “means for” or “step for” are used in the particular claim. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for managing performance metrics, comprising: accessing a metric catalog comprising a plurality of metrics, each metric associated with a threshold value; receiving a selection of a subset of metrics of the plurality of metrics; defining a service using the subset of metrics; determining a plurality of metric values describing performance of the service, each metric value corresponding to a threshold value associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; comparing the metric values and the corresponding threshold values; and evaluating the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: defining the plurality of metrics; defining the threshold values associated with the metrics; and storing the metrics and the threshold values in the metric catalog.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: defining an aggregation method associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; storing the aggregation method in the metric catalog; receiving data associated with the metric; combining the data in accordance with the aggregation method; and determining a metric value associated with the metric from the combined data.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: defining a collection procedure associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; storing the collection procedure in the metric catalog; and collecting data associated with the metric in accordance with the collection procedure.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein evaluating the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison comprises: determining that the performance is satisfactory if the metric values satisfy the threshold values, each threshold value comprising a target value; and sending a notification if otherwise.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein evaluating the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison comprises determining that the performance is not satisfactory if a metric value fails to satisfy a threshold value comprising a minimum value.
 7. A system for managing performance metrics, comprising: a metric catalog comprising a plurality of metrics, each metric associated with a threshold value, the metric catalog operable to: receive a selection of a subset of metrics of the plurality of metrics; and define a service using the subset of metrics; a calculator coupled to the metric catalog and operable to determine a plurality of metric values describing performance of the service, each metric value corresponding to a threshold value associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; and an evaluator coupled to the calculator and to the metric catalog and operable to: retrieve the metric values and the threshold values; compare the metric values and the corresponding threshold values; and evaluate the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison.
 8. The system of claim 7, the metric catalog further operable to: define the plurality of metrics; define the threshold values associated with the metrics; and store the metrics and the threshold values.
 9. The system of claim 7, wherein: the metric catalog is further operable to: define an aggregation method associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; and store the aggregation method; and the system comprises an aggregator coupled to the metric catalog and operable to: receive data associated with the metric; combine the data in accordance with the aggregation method; and determine a metric value associated with the metric from the combined data.
 10. The system of claim 7, the metric catalog is further operable to: define a collection procedure associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; and store the collection procedure, data associated with the metric being collected in accordance with the collection procedure.
 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the evaluator is further operable to evaluate the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison by: determining that the performance is satisfactory if the metric values satisfy the threshold values, each threshold value comprising a target value; and sending a notification if otherwise.
 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the evaluator is further operable to evaluate the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison by determining that the performance is not satisfactory if a metric value fails to satisfy a threshold value comprising a minimum value.
 13. Software for managing performance metrics, the software embodied in a medium and operable to: access a metric catalog comprising a plurality of metrics, each metric associated with a threshold value; receive a selection of a subset of metrics of the plurality of metrics; define a service using the subset of metrics; determine a plurality of metric values describing performance of the service, each metric value corresponding to a threshold value associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; compare the metric values and the corresponding threshold values; and evaluate the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison.
 14. The software of claim 13, further operable to: define the plurality of metrics; define the threshold values associated with the metrics; and store the metrics and the threshold values in the metric catalog.
 15. The software of claim 13, further operable to: define an aggregation method associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; store the aggregation method in the metric catalog; receive data associated with the metric; combine the data in accordance with the aggregation method; and determine a metric value associated with the metric from the combined data.
 16. The software of claim 13, further operable to: define a collection procedure associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; store the collection procedure in the metric catalog; and collect data associated with the metric in accordance with the collection procedure.
 17. The software of claim 13, operable to evaluate the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison by: determining that the performance is satisfactory if the metric values satisfy the threshold values, each threshold value comprising a target value; and sending a notification if otherwise.
 18. The software of claim 13, operable to evaluate the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison by determining that the performance is not satisfactory if a metric value fails to satisfy a threshold value comprising a minimum value.
 19. A system for managing performance metrics, comprising: means for accessing a metric catalog comprising a plurality of metrics, each metric associated with a threshold value; means for receiving a selection of a subset of metrics from the plurality of metrics; means for defining a service using the subset of metrics; means for determining a plurality of metric values describing performance of the service, each metric value corresponding to a threshold value associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; means for comparing the metric values and the corresponding threshold values; and means for evaluating the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison.
 20. A method for managing performance metrics, comprising: accessing a metric catalog comprising a plurality of metrics, each metric associated with a threshold value, the threshold values comprising a plurality of target values and a plurality of minimum values; receiving a selection of a subset of metrics of the plurality of metrics, and defining a service using the subset of metrics; defining a plurality of aggregation methods, each aggregation method associated with a metric of the subset of metrics, and storing the aggregation methods in the metric catalog; defining a plurality of collection procedures, each collection procedure associated with a metric of the subset of metrics, and storing the collection procedures in the metric catalog; collecting data associated with the metric in accordance with the collection procedures, and combining the data in accordance with the aggregation methods; determining a plurality of metric values from the combined data, the metric values describing performance of the service, each metric value corresponding to a threshold value associated with a metric of the subset of metrics; and comparing the metric values and the corresponding threshold values, and evaluating the performance of the service in accordance with the comparison by: determining that the performance is satisfactory if the metric values satisfy the corresponding threshold values comprising target values; and determining that the performance is not satisfactory if a metric value fails to satisfy a corresponding threshold value comprising a minimum value. 